It usually surprises patients when I inform them that cigarette smoking is more of a risk factor than weight for back disorders. The main theory is that it diminishes blood flow to the spinal tissues.
Here is a study from the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery concluding that it also increases the risk of sustaining a fracture or tendon injury, and it increases the risk of post surgical complications such as delayed fracture healing, infections, and soft tissue and would healing.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636193
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